ABSTRACT
Preliminary data depicts a much greater prevalence and high case-fatality rate in advanced age males as compared to age-matched women with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infections with high morbidity, mortality, high referral, and admission to intensive care unit with severe sequelae. However, the literature search revealed both for and against studies in this context. Thus, at present, in light of the mixed studies, it cannot be established whether low testosterone levels in aging hypogonadal males create a permissive environment for severe response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and can it increase the morbidity or mortality, or on the contrary if the virus inhibits androgen formation. Hence, it is highly warranted to establish the said hypothesis by conducting large statistically powered clinical studies in future. Further, it is highly indicated that impact of sex hormones and gender on the incidence and case fatality of the disease and hormones as a treatment according to sex and gender for COVID requires further scientific research by the research community before it is actually recommended to mitigate the COVID-19 disease course among elderly men and women at large. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a serious, but rare opportunistic, invasive and life-threatening fungal infection primarily caused by Rhizopus arrhizus with very high case fatality. Recently, its alarming rise in the number among COVID-19 patients mostly with uncontrolled diabetes and those who received excessive administration of steroids for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has raised interest among the scientific community to learn more about the said disease. The current review describes, its epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, warning signs, diagnostic test and available preventive and treatment modalities for its effective management.
ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a serious, but rare opportunistic, invasive and life-threatening fungal infection primarily caused by Rhizopus arrhizus with very high case fatality. Recently, its alarming rise in the number among COVID-19 patients mostly with uncontrolled diabetes and those who received excessive administration of steroids for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has raised interest among the scientific community to learn more about the said disease. The current review describes, its epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, warning signs, diagnostic test and available preventive and treatment modalities for its effective management.
ABSTRACT
Background: With Introduction of COVID VaccinationProgramme in India it was important to generate the safety and efficacy data so that public confidence can be generated for the successful COVID vaccination programme implementation.